What Is Woven Fabric? What Is Knitted Fabric? What Are The Characteristics And Differences Between The Two?
We have previously introduced that textile fabrics are divided into three categories according to different processing methods: woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and non-woven fabrics. Non-woven fabrics are made by bonding or stitching loose fibers. The image point is like our toilet paper, which is easy to tear, or like the wool-viscose cloth used in industry, which is very thick! What we need to wear is durable, wear-resistant, comfortable, and light, so most of the clothes we wear are made of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, that is, woven fabrics and knitted fabrics. Let's introduce what is woven fabric? What is knitted fabric? What are their characteristics and what is the difference between the two?
Woven fabrics and knitted fabrics have their own unique characteristics in processing technology, fabric structure, fabric characteristics, and finished product uses due to different weaving machines and methods.
(I) Fabric organization composition
1. Woven fabric: a fabric fabric made of two systems of yarns arranged perpendicular to each other, namely horizontal and vertical systems, which need to be interwoven on a loom according to a certain rule. The yarn in the warp direction is called warp yarn, and the yarn in the weft direction is called weft yarn!
2. Knitted fabric: Fabric formed by weaving yarn into loops, divided into weft knitting and warp knitting.
2.1. Weft knitted fabric is to feed the weft yarn into the working needle of the knitting machine from the weft direction, so that the yarn is bent into loops in sequence and interlaced with each other.
2.2. Warp knitted fabric is to use one or several groups of parallel yarns, which are fed into all the working needles of the knitting machine in the warp direction and are looped at the same time.
(II) Basic unit of fabric organization
(1) Woven fabric: Each intersection point between the warp yarn and the weft yarn is called an organization point, which is the smallest basic unit of woven fabric.
(2) Knitted fabric: The coil is the smallest basic unit of knitted fabric, and the coil is composed of a loop stem and an extension line in a spatial curve.
(III) Different production machines and equipment
1. Woven fabrics are generally woven by: rapier looms, water jet looms, and air jet looms!
2. Knitted fabrics are generally woven by: warp knitting machines, large circular knitting machines, and small circular knitting machines!
(IV) Differences in fabric structure characteristics
(1) Woven fabrics: Because the warp and weft yarns are interwoven, there is some bending, and they only bend in the direction perpendicular to the fabric plane. The degree of bending is related to the mutual tension between the warp and weft yarns, as well as the stiffness of the yarns. When the woven fabric is subjected to external tension, such as longitudinal stretching, the tension of the warp yarn increases, the bending decreases, and the bending of the weft yarn increases. If the longitudinal stretching continues until the warp yarn is completely straightened, the fabric shrinks laterally. When the woven fabric is subjected to external tension in the transverse direction, the tension of the weft yarn increases, the bending decreases, and the bending of the warp yarn increases. If the transverse stretching continues until the weft yarn is completely straightened, the fabric shrinks longitudinally. The warp and weft yarns will not be converted, which is different from knitted fabrics.
(2) Knitted fabrics: Because the coil is formed by the bending of yarn in space, and each coil is composed of one yarn, when the knitted fabric is subjected to external tension, such as longitudinal stretching, the bending of the coil changes, and the height of the coil also increases, while the width of the coil decreases. If the tension is transverse stretching, the situation is the opposite. The height and width of the coil can obviously be converted to each other under different tension conditions. Therefore, the extensibility of knitted fabrics is large.
(V) Differences in the characteristics of fabric organization
(1) Woven fabrics: Because the extension and contraction of the warp and weft yarns of woven fabrics are not closely related and do not undergo conversion, woven fabrics are generally tighter and stiffer.
(2) Knitted fabrics: They can stretch in all directions and have good elasticity. Because knitted fabrics are formed by hole-shaped coils, they have greater breathability and a soft feel.
